Driving in Australia as a Croatian
In Australia you drive on the left, the opposite of Croatia, so the steering wheel is on the right and you go clockwise around roundabouts. With a Croatian licence you also need an International Driving Permit.
Unless signposted otherwise, the limits are usually 50 km/h in towns, and 100 on country roads and motorways. Watch for fixed, mobile, average speed and red light cameras, and for cameras that catch drivers holding a phone or without a seatbelt.
Australia and Croatia side by side
The rows in yellow are different from home.
| Rule | Australia | Croatia |
|---|---|---|
| Drive on the | Left | Right |
| Speed units | km/h | km/h |
| Alcohol limit | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Holding a phone | Banned | Banned |
| Turn on red | Only where signposted | No |
| Unmarked junctions | Traffic from the right | Traffic from the right |
| Roundabouts go | Clockwise | Anticlockwise |
| Daytime headlights | When visibility is poor | On in winter |
| Passing on the inside | Allowed | Only in slow traffic |
The rules that catch Croatians out
The most important first.
They drive on the left
In Australia you drive on the left. At home you drive on the right. The steering wheel is on the right, and in a manual car you change gears with your left hand. Habit puts people on the wrong side when they pull out of a car park or turn into a quiet street, so say it out loud for the first day. At junctions, the nearest traffic comes from your right, so look right first.
Roundabouts go clockwise
Roundabouts go clockwise here. At home you go anticlockwise. Give way to traffic already on the roundabout, which comes from your right, so look right as you enter.
You need an International Driving Permit
With a Croatian licence, you need an International Driving Permit (IDP) as well as your licence. If the licence is not in English, you must carry an International Driving Permit or an official English translation with it. Irish and Maltese licences are in English and need neither. In Victoria, driving without one can be fined as unlicensed driving and may affect your insurance.
The road that ends gives way
At a T-intersection, the driver on the road that ends must give way to every vehicle on the continuing road, unless a sign says otherwise. This holds even when the continuing road bends around the corner.
Hook turns in central Melbourne
Where a RIGHT TURN FROM LEFT ONLY sign is shown, mostly in Melbourne's CBD and inner suburbs, you turn right from the far left lane. Indicate right and move forward along the left side of the intersection, clear of the pedestrian crossing, until you are near the far side of the road you are turning into. Wait there until the lights on that road turn green, then turn right.
Stop behind trams at tram stops
In Melbourne, when a tram stops at a stop without a safety zone or island, stop level with the back of the tram. Wait until passengers have crossed and the doors close. Overtake trams only on the left.
Cameras catch phone use and seatbelts
Holding a phone is illegal even when stopped at lights, and cameras in NSW, Victoria, Queensland and the ACT photograph drivers using one. They also check seatbelts. In Queensland each offence costs $1,295, and the driver is fined again for each unbelted front passenger.
Slow down past emergency vehicles
In NSW, slow to 40 km/h when passing a stopped emergency vehicle with flashing lights where the limit is 80 km/h or less, and move over on faster roads. Victoria requires 40 km/h past emergency, incident response and roadside assistance vehicles that are stopped or moving slower than 10 km/h with flashing lights or an alarm.
Animals at dawn and dusk
Kangaroos, livestock and, in the outback, camels wander onto unfenced roads. They are hardest to see around sunrise and sunset. Slow down and brake firmly in a straight line. Never swerve, because swerving at speed can roll the car or put you into oncoming traffic.
Long distances and fatigue
Fatigue is a factor in about 20 per cent of road deaths in NSW. Towns can be hundreds of kilometres apart. Stop for 15 minutes every 2 hours and share the driving.
Road trains in the outback
In the Northern Territory, road trains can be up to 53.5 metres long and travel at up to 100 km/h. Overtake only with a long stretch of clear road ahead. Pull back in only when you can see both of its headlights in your mirror.
School zones
The limit is 40 km/h on school days during the times shown on the sign. NSW school zones have flashing lights and 40 painted on the road. Where: Around schools. Fine: Higher fines and demerit points than ordinary speeding in NSW. A phone offence costs $577 in a NSW school zone instead of $434. The limit applies on every school day during the signposted times, even if you see no children. NSW fixed cameras in school zones work 24 hours a day.
Tolls with no booths
All of Sydney's toll roads are cashless, and tolls in Melbourne and Brisbane are also charged electronically as you drive. You pay with a tag, a pass linked to the number plate, or online within a few days of the trip. In Sydney, set up a pass before the trip or up to 72 hours after it. Otherwise a Toll Payment Demand goes to the vehicle's registered operator, for the toll plus a video matching fee per trip. Passes are generally valid only in the state that issues them. Linkt is the only provider whose passes work in all states.
5 more rules worth knowing
Zero alcohol for new and young drivers
Learner and provisional drivers must have zero alcohol. In the Northern Territory, so must any driver under 25 with less than 3 years' experience, which may include young visitors. Everyone else must stay under 0.05.
Speed limits
Country roads are 100 km/h here, faster than the 90 km/h at home. Motorways are 100 km/h here, slower than the 130 km/h at home.
Passing on the left is legal
On multi-lane roads, cars can pass on either side, so check both mirrors before you change lanes.
What the car must carry
The car must carry a child car seat and snow chains (in some areas). Hire cars should have them, but check before you drive away, because the driver gets the fine.
Give way to the right at unmarked crossroads
At an intersection with no lights, signs or roundabout, a driver going straight ahead must give way to any vehicle approaching from the right. Turning right, you also give way to oncoming traffic going straight ahead or turning left. Some intersections have no signs at all, so watch for traffic from the right. At a junction with no signs, signals or road markings, give way to traffic coming from your right, even from a small side street. It's the same rule as at home.
Open Australia in the app, set to a Croatian licence, and keep all of this with you offline.
Open it in the appSpeed limits compared with home
The black marks show your limits at home.
Who goes first
Priority to the right
Roundabouts go clockwise
Signs that look different from home
Give way (yield)
You must give way to all vehicles in, entering or approaching the intersection.
No stopping
You must not stop at all along the kerb in the direction of the arrows, except in an emergency.
Speed camera warning (NSW)
A fixed speed camera is ahead.
Roundabout ahead
A roundabout is ahead.
Signs you won't know from home
A 40 km/h limit applies on school days during the times shown.
Roundabout. Give way to all vehicles already on it.
To turn right here, you must make a hook turn from the left lane.
At these traffic lights you may turn left on a red light, after stopping.
You must pass to the left of the sign.
Kangaroos may be on or near the road.
The road dips through a causeway that may be covered by water.
No stopping or parking during the times shown. Cars left there are towed.
The NSW default limit of 100 km/h applies from here.
Speed cameras
NSW, Victoria and Queensland use fixed, red light, mobile and average speed cameras. NSW, Victoria, Queensland and the ACT also use cameras that catch phone use and unworn seatbelts. NSW puts warning signs before its fixed cameras, at red light camera intersections and around its marked mobile camera cars. Victoria's mobile cameras can work from unmarked cars and have no warning signs. Camera fines go to the vehicle's registered owner, which for a hire car is the hire company. In NSW the owner is responsible until it names the driver, and companies must name the driver of a company vehicle. An overseas visitor is named using their passport number and country, and the fine then passes to them.
Before you drive
- Your driving licenceThe physical card, not a photo or a digital licence.
- An International Driving PermitRequired with your licence. Get it before you leave home.
- Your passportHire companies and police ask for ID.
- Child car seatChildren under 7 must travel in an approved child restraint suited to their age. Babies under 6 months need a rear-facing seat.
- A way to pay the free-flow tollsAll of Sydney's toll roads are cashless, and tolls in Melbourne and Brisbane are also charged electronically as you drive. You pay with a tag, a pass linked to the number plate, or online within a few days of the trip.
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Where Croatians drive next
Australia for drivers from elsewhere
Sources: the official Australia sources listed on the Australia guide, checked 15 October 2026.